Error would be “an inevitable result of the natural limitations of human performance and the function of complex systems. Human factors, or a combination of technical, social and human factors, are the actual threats. 5 The aviation community acknowledges that technical failures are not the main threat to complex and potentially hazardous systems. Originally, the concept of CRM emerged in 1979 based on a National Aeronautics and Space Administration workshop that traced back the root cause of air traffic accidents to failures of interpersonal communications, decision-making and leadership. ‘Crew resource management’ (CRM) trainings were adapted from aviation for healthcare teams as an instrument to address human factors. For healthcare, this means supporting the cognitive and physical work of healthcare professionals and promoting high-quality, safe care for patients.
3 The science of human factors is about improving system performance and preventing accidental harm. Human factors are defined as the systemic perspective on inter-relationships of environmental, organisational and job factors, in combination with human and individual characteristics which influence behaviour at work in a way that can affect health and safety. 2īoth of these seminal publications make reference to human factors as an area of expertise of both engineers and cognitive psychologists. 1 Today, errors are acknowledged as a serious threat to patient safety with human factors a central issue, as described in the WHO Curriculum for Patient Safety. Human factors have been increasingly recognised as a source of medical error since the publication of ‘To Err Is Human’.
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